Abstract
Wireless sensor network (WSN) typically consists of a large number of low cost wireless sensor nodes which collect and send various messages to a base station (BS). WSN nodes are small battery powered devices having limited energy resources. Replacement of such energy resources is not easy for thousands of nodes as they are inaccessible to users after their deployment. This generates a requirement of energy efficient routing protocol for increasing network lifetime while minimizing energy consumption. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a widely used classic clustering algorithm in WSNs. In this paper, we propose a Centralized Energy Efficient Distance (CEED) based routing protocol to evenly distribute energy dissipation among all sensor nodes. We calculate optimum number of cluster heads based on LEACH’s energy dissipation model. We propose a distributed cluster head selection algorithm based on dissipated energy of a node and its distance to BS. Moreover, we extend our protocol by multihop routing scheme to reduce energy dissipated by nodes located far away from base station. The performance of CEED is compared with other protocols such as LEACH and LEACH with Distance Based Thresholds (LEACH-DT). Simulation results show that CEED is more energy efficient as compared to other protocols. Also it improves the network lifetime and stability period over the other protocols.
Highlights
An infrastructure required for various industrial and governmental organizations to observe events occurring in a physical world is provided by sensor network
Simulation results showed that Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) improves network lifetime and reduces energy dissipation considerably compared with static clustering protocols
Power Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information System (PEGASIS) considerably reduces the amount of data to be transmitted to base station and performs better in terms of network lifetime compared with LEACH
Summary
An infrastructure required for various industrial and governmental organizations to observe events occurring in a physical world is provided by sensor network. Simulation results showed that LEACH improves network lifetime and reduces energy dissipation considerably compared with static clustering protocols. In order to achieve balanced energy consumption, distance of a node to its base station should be taken into consideration while determining threshold for selection of cluster heads. Some cluster head selection thresholds considering distance of a node to base station have been proposed. A General Self Organized Tree Based Energy Balance (GSTEB) routing protocol for wireless sensor network is proposed in [11]. A Centralized Energy Efficient Distance (CEED) based routing protocol has been proposed to improve network lifetime of WSN by balancing the energy consumption among nodes. CEED assigns different probabilities for nodes to select themselves as cluster heads based on their dissipated energy and distance from base station.
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