Abstract
In case there is no opacity of the media of the eye, low central vision may be due to two causes : a refractive error or a centrally located defect in the sensorium. The separation of these two causes presents a somewhat difficult problem in diagnosis. Among the possibilities available the following may be noted: ( a ) An attempt may be made to improve vision by corrective glasses. ( b ) The eye may be refracted by one or more of the objective methods. ( c ) The influence of refractive errors may be reduced to a minimum by the use of a very small artificial pupil in close proximity to the cornea. ( d ) With the best corrective glass that can be obtained, an examination may be made for a central scotoma. In the instrument to be described, the following selection is made from these possibilities: The eye is rendered practically independent of refraction, and
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