Abstract
Abstract. The construction and expansion of subway systems represents an important step towards better livability conditions in a rapidly urbanizing world. However, underground construction has not benefited from well-established ontologies of semantic and geometric representation, such as Building Information Modelling (which is used for standalone structures) and City Geography Markup Language (which is designed for continuous urban elements). To bridge that gap, this paper proposes a novel and highly flexible means to underpin a relevant ontology. The approach uses the ontology log, or olog, a model of knowledge representation based on Category Theory. In an olog, dependencies between objects are restricted to functional relationships (for every object there is a unique correspondence). This robust mathematical formulation allows for a more flexible, yet also informative and user-readable model of the studied entities. In this paper, the olog’s usability is demonstrated through the ontological representation of common items in the fare-control areas of two New York City metro stations. Ologs are shown to capture similar underlying structures both across different stations and within the same station. Importantly, the olog allows for further generalization to incorporate pre-existing data, as well as being a transferable framework for conceptualizations of other metro systems.
Highlights
There are approximately 220 cities worldwide served by at least one metro system (Liu et al, 2021), with more regularly added due to the saturation of aboveground street networks
Time consuming and difficult, because of both the GPS denied environment that exists underground and the plethora of line-of-sight obstructions [which necessitates many more scans than an unobstructed facility would]. To help overcome these gaps, this paper introduces a new ontological conceptualization of metro systems, which is flexible, yet precise
Work about the adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) techniques for asset management in subway stations tend to focus on cases of single stations, lines, or systems with a high degree of standardization
Summary
There are approximately 220 cities worldwide served by at least one metro system (Liu et al, 2021), with more regularly added due to the saturation of aboveground street networks. According to the International Tunneling Association, new metro systems in developing cities must be built to accommodate large passenger flows, on the order of 20,000 passengers per hour per direction (2004). Such metro facilities need more amenities and more frequent maintenance due to their high usage, increasing the complexity and costs of maintaining a metro system. Time consuming and difficult, because of both the GPS denied environment that exists underground (which prevents automatic registration) and the plethora of line-of-sight obstructions [which necessitates many more scans than an unobstructed facility would (e.g. a gymnasium)] To help overcome these gaps, this paper introduces a new ontological conceptualization of metro systems, which is flexible, yet precise. This representation takes the form of a mathematical object called an olog rather than that of a preexisting construction ontology
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