Abstract
Abstract Microwave propagation conditions in the lower marine troposphere are evaluated using gradients of radio refractivity profiles. These profiles can be characterized as normal refraction, superrefraction, and subrefaction. Ducting of the microwave energy occurs in extremely superrefractive cases and leads to better than normal microwave propagation within the duct. Subrefractive conditions are observed the least frequently. Since subrefractive conditions are characterized by poor microwave propagation, it would be useful to be able to forecast these conditions. Subrefractive conditions may occur in the proximity of strong temperature and dewpoint inversions. Such conditions may be found with the overrunning that occurs in the proximity of a warm front or a quasi-stationary front. A case study is presented in which high-resolution atmospheric measurements made from a specially instrumented helicopter are compared with the associated synoptic surface charts. For the presented, subrefractive conditions...
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