A case study of different magnetic strength fields and thermal energy effects in vortex generation of Ag-TiO2 hybrid nanofluid flow

Abstract

Vortices grab the attention of many scientists while analyzing any flow model due to their importance in interpreting fluid mixing and mass transport phenomena. Since vortices exist in the natural environment, so researchers need to investigate them whenever they are encountered. Solar collectors, automobile cooling, engine applications, thermal management, and machine cutting, are just a few of the major areas in which most hybrid nanofluids could help to improve overall performance. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the highly complex dynamics of a Lorentz force, which governs the rotation of nanoparticles and the composition of the complex configuration of eddies inside the fluid flow of the hybrid fluid carrying Silver (Ag), and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. The existing research offers an innovative analysis that investigates the isotherms and streamlines around the magnetic strips in the flow regime and thermal hydrogen energy bonds. The alternating direction implicit (ADI) methodology combined with central differences has been incorporated to determine the numerical solution of the problem. Confined Lorentz force is noticed to be a root of nano-sized hybrid particle's spinning, resulting in the complex structure of vortices in the flow field and the thermal hydrogen energy. The fixed values of the parameters that have been used in the simulation process are: Mn=5, Re=5, φ1 = 0.05, and φ2 = 0.02 unless otherwise mentioned. The findings reveal that, as the magnetic fields are strengthened, the degeneracy of both primary vortices can be seen immediately, which gives rise to two new relatively small vortices squeezed along the two vertical walls. However, as the Reynolds number increases, new vortices of different strengths and rotational directions in the flow regime can be noticed. It is found that the Reynolds number is responsible for increasing the Nussselt number along the lower horizontal wall. The magnetic parameter, on the other hand, adds a zigzag behavior to the Nusselt number. Finally, as Ag-TiO2 concentration increases, the Nusselt number becomes more sensitive.