Abstract
Simple SummaryFeline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a chronic, painful, oral inflammatory disease, which can be associated with retroviral disease comorbidity’s, namely feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). A total 111 case series of cats affected by this oral disease, treated with dental extractions, were analyzed retrospectively, considering if they carried or not one of these retroviral diseases. Cats with lingual ulcers, independently from their retroviral status, were 2.7 times more prone to have a worse response to dental extractions than cats without lingual ulcers. When compared with cats without retroviral disease, FeLV-positive cats presented less proliferative lesions and tended to have more lingual ulcers. Furthermore, these cats had a significantly worse outcome, with 7.5 times more chances of having no improvement.This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical outcome after dental extractions of cats with FCGS infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). A retrospective case series included cats with diagnosis of FCGS, availability of detailed clinical records, full-mouth dental radiographs, and retroviral disease test results. Effectiveness of surgical treatment (EOT) was registered. Three groups were defined: control, FIV and FeLV. In this study, 111 cats were included: 60 controls, 29 FIV- and 22 FeLV-positive cats. When compared with control cases, FeLV-positive cats had significantly less proliferative stomatitis lesions, and they tended to have more lingual ulcers. Concurrently, FeLV-positive cats had significantly less tooth resorptive lesions. No other significant differences in FCGS clinical signs were found between groups. FeLV-positive cats had a significantly worse outcome after dental extractions compared to the other groups. In fact, FeLV-positive cats had 7.5 times more chances of having no improvement after dental extractions. This study concludes that the response to dental extractions in FeLV-positive cats is significantly worse, when comparing to cats that do not carry retroviral disease. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge the effect of FeLV status on the prognosis of these cats.
Highlights
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a painful oral inflammatory disease, which can lead to severe malnutrition and dehydration in critical cases [1,2,3,4,5]
One-hundred and eleven cats were included in this study, 60 in control group, 29 in group feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and 22 in group feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)
In FeLV, FIV and control groups, 9%, 10% and 2% were not neutered cats, with no significant differences found between groups
Summary
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a painful oral inflammatory disease, which can lead to severe malnutrition and dehydration in critical cases [1,2,3,4,5]. FCGS lesions present typically as ulcerative and/or proliferative lesions characterized by a symmetrical and bilateral pattern, of friable consistency, bleeding when manipulated [2,6,7,8]. With regards to viral agents, feline calicivirus (FCV) appears to carry out a relevant role in FCGS, three times more prevalent in these animals when compared to the general cat population [2,15]. Studies have not been able to consistently prove that chronic infection by FCV is directly implicated in the pathogenesis of FCGS [2,8,13,14]
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