Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, derived from embryonic neural crest cells and is one of the few cancers known to undergo spontaneous regression from an undifferentiated state to a benign tumour. It generally arises in the adrenalmedulla or sympathetic chain in a child. Metastasis of neuroblastoma occurs mainly through lymphatic and haematogenous routes. This case report is that of a male child who presented only with cervical lymph node enlargement and histopathological examination diagnosed the lesion as neuroblastoma secondaries to cervical lymph node.
Highlights
Neuroblastoma is the prototypic example of small blue cell tumour of childhood[1] and is the most common extracranial solid tumour in children accounting for 7-8% of all childhood cancers.[2,3,4] The prevalence of neuroblastoma is about 1 case per 7,000 live births.[2]
The child was subjected to cervical lymph node excision biopsy and the excised tissue specimen was sent in 10% formalin for histopathological examination
After obtaining the histopathological diagnosis, the treating surgeon asked for an ultrasonography of abdomen of the child which showed a small suprarenal mass on the right side measuring 2x1.5x1.5cms which denoted the primary site of tumour as adrenal gland
Summary
Neuroblastoma is the prototypic example of small blue cell tumour of childhood[1] and is the most common extracranial solid tumour in children accounting for 7-8% of all childhood cancers.[2,3,4] The prevalence of neuroblastoma is about 1 case per 7,000 live births.[2] It is slightly more common in boys with a male to female ratio of 1.1:1.5 It can arise anywhere throughout the sympathetic nervous system, most common primary site being adrenal gland followed by abdominal (extra-adrenal), thoracic, cervical and pelvic sympathetic ganglia.[2] Approximately 1% of patients present initially with evidence of metastatic disease without a readily identifiable primary lesion.[6] In such cases, immunohistochemistry can aid in the diagnosis as neuroblastoma cells express neuron specific enolase, neurofilaments, chromogranin, synaptophysin and many other neural related antigens.[7,8]
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