A Case of Lipoid Pneumonia - Hydrocarbon Pneumonitis

Abstract

Lipoid pneumonia is a rare lung disease that occurs when lipid-containing products are aspirated or inhaled.[1] Exogenous lipoid pneumonia is typically caused by the inhalation or aspiration of animal fats, mineral oils, or vegetable oils, while endogenous lipoid pneumonia occurs due to lipid accumulation within intra-alveolar macrophages in the presence of bronchial obstruction, chronic pulmonary infection, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, or fat storage diseases.[2] The clinical and radiological features of this condition are non-specific, and a careful history is crucial for accurate diagnosis. Organizing pneumonia can also be observed as a non-specific consequence of interstitial inflammatory diseases such as nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, usual interstitial pneumonia, organizing diffuse alveolar damage, vasculitis, or aspiration pneumonia. In this case report, we discuss the presentation of lipoid pneumonia in a 23-year-old male with a history of petroleum ingestion.