A case control study of risk factors in chronic urticaria

Abstract

Urticaria presents as erythematous, often pruritic, raised transient wheals. The aetiology of Chronic Urticaria (CU) is not well understood. Autoimmunity, chronic infections, allergens and metabolic syndrome are some known implicated factors. But the role of life style factors like diet, smoking, alcohol, occupation, family history etc is relatively unknown. This study aims to uncover the role of these modifiable factors in causation of CU.Data from 20 individuals with chronic urticaria (duration <1 year) and 20 age and sex matched Controls (healthy/patients without chronic urticaria) was collected using questionnaires to assess lifestyle and risk factors like diet, alcohol consumption, smoking, medications, stress, sleep etc in the implication of CU.Our study revealed notable if not significant associations. Out of these, 6 cases (30%) had a family history of CU, while 10 cases (50%) had a prior history of acute urticaria episodes. Additionally, 6 cases (30%) reported food allergies, and 10 cases (50%) had a documented medical history. Furthermore, 7 cases (35%) reported insect bites as a factor, while 1 case (5%) was linked to H. Pylori infections. Notably, 12 cases (60%) showed a lower consumption of fruits, while 9 cases (45%) exhibited a relatively higher intake of foods containing dyes and additives. These findings collectively suggest some potential connections in the development of CU.This study underscores the intricate connections between risk factors, lifestyle choices, and CU. Differences in sleep quality, food allergies, dietary habits, and seafood consumption provide potential insights into associations. This investigation may contribute to improved CU management approaches.