A brief review paper on mining subsidence and its geo-environmental impact

Abstract

For the past several decades subsidence has had a significant effect on the mining industry. Majority of the mining subsidence shows in the coal mines. Remote sensing and GIS has been one of the major tools for the estimation and determining the subsidence. Mining subsidence lead us to roof collapse, infrastructure loss and loss of life is a huge concern. Native vegetation and underground water was effected by the mining subsidence. It severely hinders the sustainable development of mining areas, depletes natural resources, and causes a number of ecological and environmental challenges that have a negative influence on social and economic conditions. Subsidence in mines entails in vertical and horizontal movement of ground and it forms in cracks, troughs or sag and sinkhole subsidence. This paper provides a comparative discussion of various techniques employed for assessing mining-induced subsidence and its effects on the surrounding environment. The research community has employed eight major methods as identified in this study's concluding remarks. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been achieved, enabling the implementation of advanced approaches such as remote sensing and GIS, LiDAR, and DiNSAR to detect land subsidence.