Abstract
Dengue virus infection is a serious health problem infecting 2.5 billion people worldwide. Dengue is now endemic in more than 100 countries, including Pakistan. Each year hundreds of people get infected with dengue in Pakistan. Currently, there is no vaccine available for the prevention of Dengue virus infection due to four viral serotypes. Dengue infection can cause death of patients in its most severity, meanwhile many antiviral compounds are being tested against dengue virus infection to eradicate this disease but still there is a need to develop an efficient, low-cost and safe vaccine that can target all the four serotypes of dengue virus. This review summarizes dengue molecular virology, important drug targets, prevalence in Pakistan, diagnosis, treatment and medicinal plant inhibitors against dengue.
Highlights
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is an important arthropod-born viral infection infecting about 2.5 billion people worldwide, of which approximately 975 million belong to large and small cities of tropical and subtropical countries in Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the America [1, 2]
It showed that about 50-60% of the Pakistanis, especially those living in Karachi were haem agglutination inhibition (HI) antibody positive for West Nile, Japanese encephalitis and DENV-2 Flaviviruses
Dengue virus has become a serious issue in Pakistan as it has caused many endemics starting from 1994 to 2011
Summary
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is an important arthropod-born viral infection infecting about 2.5 billion people worldwide, of which approximately 975 million belong to large and small cities of tropical and subtropical countries in Southeast Asia, the Pacific and the America [1, 2]. In 1985, a research was conducted to study the prevalence of dengue virus infection in Pakistan It showed that about 50-60% of the Pakistanis, especially those living in Karachi were haem agglutination inhibition (HI) antibody positive for West Nile, Japanese encephalitis and DENV-2 Flaviviruses. IgM captured ELISA, virus isolation in mosquito cell lines and live mosquitoes, dengue specific monoclonal antibodies and detection of viral RNA by nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) have all represented major advances in dengue diagnosis. A new diagnostic test has recently been approved by US Food and Drug administration, the CDC DENV-1-4 Real time RT PCR Assay developed by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to detect the dengue viruses in infected patients [81]. These two plants need further investigations to develop potential dengue treatment [83]
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