A Brief Review on Covid-19 associated Mucormycosis

Abstract

Mucormycosis or Zygomycosis is defined as an insidious mycosis by members of the Mucorales and zygomycotic species. Mucormycosis is rare but severe invasive fungal infection. Infection with human corpuscles occurs in superficial form in the outer ear, nails, skin and visceral forms manifest in lung, gastrointestinal, and cerebral types. Mucormycosis is associated with exposure to high levels of airborne fungal contamination. In the context of COVID-19, India has seen an increasing number of incidents. The majority of the cases documented are related to the inappropriate use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients. Diabetes mellitus (73.5%), ma-lignancy (9.0%), and organ transplantation are among the main risk factors for mucormycosis in Indians (7.7 percent). In diabetic patients, Mucormycosis develops as a destructive and potentially fatal condition. Diabetic ketoacidosis accelerates fungal invasion. Risk factors include uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, especially ketoacidosis, steroid use, age, neutropenia Mucormycosis diagnosis involves a careful examination of clinical manifestations, magnetic resonance imaging modalities, early use of computed tomography (CT). Mucormycosis can impair the nose, sinuses, orbit, CNS, pulmonary, gastro-intestinal tract (GIT), skin, jaws bones, joints, heart, kidney, and mediastinum. Newer generation antifungal treatments such as amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. There are several formulations of amphotericin B available, including liposomal and lipid-based amphotericin, the colloidal diffusion of amphotericin for most common fungal infections. Breakthrough invasive fungal infections persist when new azoles, posaconazole, and isavuconazole are introduced, despite their anti-mucoral activity.