Abstract
This article briefly reviews how to construct an enzyme based hydrogen peroxide sensor involving nanomaterials, which has the advantages of high efficiency, good sensitivity and selectivity, fast response time and an extended range of linearity with lower detection limit. Glucose biosensor is constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase enzyme on the polycarbonate membrane and the protective cover is then filled with a physiological phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. The novel blocking hydrophobic membrane which is only permeable to hydrogen peroxide is used to eliminate electrochemical interferences. This constructed enzyme based H2O2 biosensor is miniaturized by the involvement of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, platinum nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles and it can achieve the effective microscopic detection of glucose. The introduction of nanomaterials including some pure metals (Ag, Au, Pd, Ni, Pt, and Cu), metal oxide (ZnO and TiO2), bimetallic (Au/Ag and Au/Pt) and carbon (nanotubes and graphene) nanomaterials in the construction of the enzyme based H2O2 biosensor improves its sensitivity and performance by enhancing the enzymatic activity, and allows the introduction of many new signal transduction technologies in biosensors. This review article summarizes the working principles of glucose oxidase based hydrogen peroxide sensor, importance of involving nanomaterials in biosensor manufacturing, basic characteristics and components of a biosensor, generations glucose biosensors, procedure of making hydrogen peroxide based biosensor, synthesis of nanomaterials involved in hydrogen peroxide biosensor, and finally some examples of nanomaterials which intervene in hydrogen peroxide biosensor.
Highlights
In past few years, all over the world faced a public health problem of diabetes mellitus which is a metabolic disorder resulted from the deficiency of insulin and the unusually high concentration of sugar in blood
This review article summarizes the working principles of glucose oxidase based hydrogen peroxide sensor, importance of involving nanomaterials in biosensor manufacturing, basic characteristics and components of a biosensor, generations glucose biosensors, procedure of making hydrogen peroxide based biosensor, synthesis of nanomaterials involved in hydrogen peroxide biosensor, and some examples of nanomaterials which intervene in hydrogen peroxide biosensor
Before the development of enzyme based glucose/H2O2 sensor, the concentration of glucose/H2O2 is determined by using different analytical methods such as chromatography, titrimetry, chemiluminscence, spectrophotometry, electrochemistry, phosphorescence and fluorescence but, most of them show their own technical disadvantages including low sensitivity and selectivity, time losing, vulnerability to electroactive substances and expensive and /or complicated instrumentation. These techniques have been substituted by an enzyme based hydrogen peroxide sensors because they are cheapest and have high selectivity and sensitivity, quick operation, simplicity, rapid response, feasibility, and with effective commercial applications [5]. Nanomaterials such as nanoparticles made from pure metal (Au, Ag, Ni, Pt, Pd and Cu), metal oxide (ZnO and TiO2); carbon nanotubes and carbon graphene are involved in construction of enzyme based hydrogen peroxide biosensor
Summary
All over the world faced a public health problem of diabetes mellitus which is a metabolic disorder resulted from the deficiency of insulin and the unusually high concentration of sugar in blood. To diagnose and manage the diabetes mellitus, a closed surveillance of levels of blood glucose is required and the higher number of diabetics tests performed every day has made glucose to be most frequently analyte This giant work has stimulating scientists to develop new biosensing concepts and a glucose biosensor based on enzyme were designed to make ease-to-use blood sugar testing and expecting their similar importance in continuous glucose monitoring [1] [2]. The nanomaterials have been involved to initiate the development of highest performance miniaturized glucose oxidase based hydrogen peroxide biosensors which have faster response, good stability, higher sensitivity and selectivity with longer storage time. It is obviously clear that the number of citations is continuously increasing
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