A novel glucose biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase in chitosan on a glassy carbon electrode modified with gold–platinum alloy nanoparticles/multiwall carbon nanotubes

Abstract

A novel glucose biosensor was constructed, based on the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) with cross-linking in the matrix of biopolymer chitosan (CS) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), which was modified with gold–platinum alloy nanoparticles (Au–PtNPs) by electrodeposition on multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in CS film (CNTs/CS). The properties of Au–PtNPs/CNTs/CS were characterized by scan electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). Primary study indicated that Au–PtNPs/CNTs had a better synergistic electrocatalytic effect on the reduction of hydrogen peroxide than did AuNPs/CNTs or PtNPs/CNTs at a low applied potential window. With GOx as a model enzyme, a new glucose biosensor was fabricated. The biosensor exhibited excellent performances for glucose at a low applied potential (0.1 V) with a high sensitivity (8.53 μA mM −1), a low detection limit (0.2 μM), a wide linear range (0.001–7.0 mM), a fast response time (<5 s), and good reproducibility, stability, and selectivity. In addition, the biosensor was applied in the determination of glucose in human blood and urine samples, and satisfied results were obtained.