A brief introduction to niche construction theory for ecologists and conservationists

Abstract

Niche construction theory (NCT) is a theoretical framework that has great potential for increasing our understanding of ecological and evolutionary phenomena. However, few ecologists still use NCT, probably because they believe that ecological and evolutionary processes do not occur at the same pace or because they believe that the modern evolutionary synthesis (MES) explains the studied phenomena well enough. NCT is not opposed to the MES. However, NCT proponents argue that because all organisms undergo environmental modifications, they can alter the selection pressures that act on themselves and other species. In this case, adaptation is conceived as a two-way process in which organisms and the environment act upon one another. Therefore, this article aims to present a brief introduction of NCT, arguing and exemplifying its applicability in ecological studies and conservation strategies. Finally, we provide suggestions about how NCT can contribute to ecological studies and the planning of conservation strategies.