A bioresource catalyst system of alginate-starch-activated carbon microsphere templated Cu nanoparticles: Potentials in nitroarenes hydrogenation and dyes discoloration

Abstract

The evolution and development of solid-matrix are considered a backbone for supporting and stabilizing of metal nanoparticles (NPs) and are the soul of the catalytic system. In the current study, the alginate-starch microsphere (Alg-St) was cross-linked using CaCl2 as a cross-linker. In addition, the Alg-St microsphere was blended with different percentages of activated carbon (AC). The microspheres adsorbed Cu+2 was reduced to zero-valent copper NPs through NaBH4 and used as a dip-catalyst. The supported Cu NPs cum NaBH4 system was used as dip-catalyst for the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4NP), 2-nitroanilline (2NA), and degradation of methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) dyes. Among the different kinetics models, the experimental data were well-fitted in the zero-order kinetic model. Moreover pH, and recyclability were studied for 4NP, where the best activity was achieved at pH 7.0 for 4NP. No leaching was observed after 3rd cycle in the catalyst.