Abstract
The recent release of standards for vehicular communications will hasten the development of smart cities in the following years. Many applications for vehicular networks, such as blocked road warnings or advertising, will require multi-hop dissemination of information to all vehicles in a region of interest. However, these networks present special features and difficulties that may require special measures. The dissemination of information may cause broadcast storms. Urban scenarios are especially sensitive to broadcast storms because of the high density of vehicles in downtown areas. They also present numerous crossroads and signal blocking due to buildings, which make dissemination more difficult than in open, almost straight interurban roadways. In this article, we discuss several options to avoid the broadcast storm problem while trying to achieve the maximum coverage of the region of interest. Specifically, we evaluate through simulations different ways to detect and take advantage of intersections and a strategy based on store-carry-forward to overcome short disconnections between groups of vehicles. Our conclusions are varied, and we propose two different solutions, depending on the requirements of the application.
Highlights
With the aim of avoiding collisions and saving lives, the USA government started a series of actions to standardize and deploy a short-range communications system for vehicles
We have focused on creating a dissemination scheme that fits both the relaxed geo-broadcast and the advanced information dissemination patterns: it should minimize the overhead in dense traffic situations and reach as many vehicles as possible in sparse traffic
We present a selection of works in chronological order that consists of tailored schemes (TAF, Acknowledged Broadcast from Static to Highly Mobile (ABSM) and Enhanced Message Dissemination Based on Roadmaps (eMDR)), adaptations of general schemes that are better suited for roadways (UV-CAST), and holistic solutions (AMB/Urban Multihop Broadcast (UMB))
Summary
With the aim of avoiding collisions and saving lives, the USA government started a series of actions to standardize and deploy a short-range communications system for vehicles. Like the European Union (EU) and Japan, have followed and developed their own standards over the last decade. This was the origin of VANETs (vehicular ad hoc networks). In this type of network, we expect to require the delivery of information (for example, warnings or advertising) to groups of vehicles at more than one hop from the sender. This kind of communication is generally referred to as dissemination of information. The authors of [1] point out that these two communication patterns will be common in VANETs:
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