Abstract
Glycoside hydrolases from pathogens have often been reported as inducers of immune responses. However, the roles of glycoside hydrolase from plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the resistance of plants against pathogens is not well studied. In this study, we identified a glycoside hydrolase 43 protein, H1AD43, produced by Bacillus licheniformis BL06 that can trigger defense responses, including cell death. Ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography were used for separation, and the amino acid sequence was identified by mass spectrometry. The recombinant protein generated by prokaryotic expression was able to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) in Nicotiana benthamiana and trigger early defense responses, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, callose accumulation, and the induction of defense genes. In addition, the protein could induce resistance in N. benthamiana, in which it inhibited infection by Phytophthora capsici Leonian and tobacco mosaic virus-green fluorescent protein (TMV-GFP) expression. H1AD43 thus represents a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) of PGPR that induces plant disease resistance and may provide a new method for the biological control of plant disease.
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