Abstract
BackgroundPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have beneficial effects on hypertriglyceridemia although their effect on angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), specifically ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether a high-PUFA diet improves postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels through reducing ANGPTL responses following high saturated fat (SFA) meals.MethodsTwenty-six adults were randomized into a PUFA diet (n = 16) or a control diet group (n = 10). Participants completed a pre-diet visit (v1) where they were given two SFA-rich, high-fat meals. Blood draws were taken at fasting and every 2 h postprandially for a total of 8 h. After v1, participants completed a 7d diet of the same macronutrient proportions (50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, 15% protein) but with different fatty acid (FA) compositions (PUFA = 21% of total energy from PUFAs vs. Control = 7% of total energy from PUFA). All participants then completed the post-diet visit (v2) identical to v1.ResultsIn the PUFA group, females, but not males, reduced TG concentrations (Area under the curve (AUC): 141.2 ± 18.7 vs. 80.7 ± 6.5 mg/dL/h, p = 0.01, for v1 vs. v2, respectively). Fasting and postprandial AUC levels of ANGPTL3 and 8, but not ANGPTL4, also decreased from v1 to v2 in PUFA females, but not males. No changes from v1 to v2 were seen in either sex in the control group.ConclusionsA PUFA-rich diet improves TG levels in response to high-SFA meals with reductions in ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8. PUFAs may be more protective against hypertriglyceridemia in females, compared to males since no diet effect was observed in males.Trial registrationNCT02246933.
Highlights
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have beneficial effects on hypertriglyceridemia their effect on angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 is unknown
PUFAs may be more protective against hypertriglyceridemia in females, compared to males since no diet effect was observed in males
There were significant decreases in fasting total cholesterol, TG, non-high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very lowdensity lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and cholesterol/HDL ratio from pre- to post- diet visits in the PUFA-rich diet group, while only the TG and LDL cholesterol levels decreased in the control group from pre- to post-diet visits [29]
Summary
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have beneficial effects on hypertriglyceridemia their effect on angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 is unknown. A diet high in long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), α-linolenic acid (18:3n3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n3), is linked with reduced fasting blood TG levels, increased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and decreased low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol [9,10,11,12]. Contrary to the beneficial role of PUFAs on plasma TG, consuming saturated fatty acids (SFAs) has been shown to increase LDL cholesterol, decrease insulin sensitivity and may promote inflammation if consumed as part of a hypercaloric diet, increasing the risk of CVD [13,14,15]
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