Abstract

Although the Andes are believed to have resulted mainly from crustal shortening, the shortening history remains debated and appears to require lateral (along‐strike) crustal flow. Three‐dimensional viscous flow modeling shows that, within geological uncertainties, the Andes may have been produced by either Neogene shortening alone or with significant pre‐Neogene shortening. These scenarios require major along‐strike crustal flow and predict significantly different histories of uplift and crustal motion.

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