Abstract
In this paper, an end-fire antenna for 28 GHz broadband communications is proposed with its multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) configuration for pattern diversity applications in 5G communication systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). The antenna comprises a simple geometrical structure inspired by a conventional planar helical antenna without utilizing any vias. The presented antenna is printed on both sides of a very thin high-frequency substrate (Rogers RO4003, εr = 3.38) with a thickness of 0.203 mm. Moreover, its MIMO configuration is characterized by reasonable gain, high isolation, good envelope correlation coefficient, broad bandwidth, and high diversity gain. To verify the performance of the proposed antenna, it was fabricated and verified by experimental measurements. Notably, the antenna offers a wide −10 dB measured impedance ranging from 26.25 GHz to 30.14 GHz, covering the frequency band allocated for 5G communication systems with a measured peak gain of 5.83 dB. Furthermore, a performance comparison with the state-of-the-art mm-wave end-fire antennas in terms of operational bandwidth, electrical size, and various MIMO performance parameters shows the worth of the proposed work.
Highlights
The fifth-generation (5G) of mobile communications is expected to revolutionize the manner in which communications take place globally
5G technology is expected to upgrade the Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities of the current mobile network, which will be a transformation for future communication technologies [2]
The geometricalThe configuration of the proposed end-fire antenna is shown in Figure and width
Summary
The fifth-generation (5G) of mobile communications is expected to revolutionize the manner in which communications take place globally This is based on a user-centric approach which will guarantee improved mobile broadband, and aims for a peak data rate of 20 Gbps [1]. 5G technology is expected to upgrade the Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities of the current mobile network, which will be a transformation for future communication technologies [2]. To achieve these highly promising features of 5G technology, antennas operating at the designated bands capable of supporting 5G functionalities are required [3]. In addition to reducing antenna losses to provide coverage with considerable depth and width, precise control of the antenna pattern to direct the beam towards the intended direction, and high spectral efficiency to allow the sharing of resources in the time and frequency domain between several users, are highly desired [5]
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