Abstract
In this paper, a dual-polarized four-port 2 × 2 series fed antenna array operating at 28 GHz with beam-switching capability is proposed. The antenna array uses a simple passive beamforming network to switch the main beam. The presented antenna design is suitable for 5G user equipment and high data rates applications by which it has a compact size with low cost and complexity. The size of the antenna is 37.2 × 37.2 mm including the ground plane, and it produces 10 different switched beams by using only two simple 3 dB/90 couplers which create the required amplitudes and phase excitations for the antenna elements. A one-port simple feeding mechanism including Peregrine PE42525 SPDT switch modules and a power divider is used to generate and measure the 10 switched beams. The antenna design is implemented on a two-layer 0.203 mm thick low-loss ( = 0.0027) Rogers 4003C substrate, and it has a measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 4 GHz (14.3%, from 26 GHz to 30 GHz) for all ports. Measured peak isolation between any dual-polarized ports of the antenna is better than 30 dB. The antenna has an average measured realized gain of 8.9 dBi and around 10 dB side lobe level (SLL) for all beams. The antenna has 3-dB coverage of 80 to 90 in 2D space and it has a maximum of ±26 beam-steering angle. The antenna is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS and fabricated using regular PCB processing.
Highlights
For mm-Wave applications, the multi-beam antenna arrays with steerable beams in two dimensions and dual-polarization are attractive candidates to achieve multispot coverage and high channel capacity [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
Insertion loss caused by phase shifters at 28 GHz can go up to 8 dB which will affect the signal sensitivity of the antenna system [17]
The size of the butler matrix will be larger at 28 GHz, and it might not be suitable for the mobile phone application
Summary
For mm-Wave applications, the multi-beam antenna arrays with steerable beams in two dimensions and dual-polarization are attractive candidates to achieve multispot coverage and high channel capacity [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. In [19], a dual-polarized tapered slot-line antenna array that is fed by Rotman lens air-filled ridged-port is proposed. Both of the works have high complexity of design, cost, and loss. In [21], a 4 × 8 butler matrix is used to feed a 8 × 10 antenna array operating at 38 GHz. The antenna uses three substrates and four ports to generate four switched beams. In [25], a circularly polarized multi-beam antenna array based on magneto-electric (ME) dipole is proposed and is fed by SIW 5 × 6 Butler matrix which can generate five switched beams.
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