Abstract
This paper presents a power efficient analog front-end (AFE) for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal monitoring and arrhythmia diagnosis. The AFE uses low-noise and low-power circuit design methodologies and aggressive voltage scaling to satisfy both the low power consumption and low input-referred noise requirements of ECG signal acquisition systems. The AFE was realized with a three-stage fully differential AC-coupled amplifier, and it provides bio-signal acquisition with programmable gain and bandwidth. The AFE was implemented in a 130 nm CMOS process, and it has a measured tunable mid-band gain from 31 to 52 dB with tunable low-pass and high-pass corner frequencies. Under only 0.5 V supply voltage, it consumes 68 nW of power with an input-referred noise of 2.8 µVrms and a power efficiency factor (PEF) of 3.9, which makes it very suitable for energy-harvesting applications. The low-noise 68nW AFE was also integrated on a self-powered physiological monitoring System on Chip (SoC) that is used to capture ECG bio-signals. Heart rate extraction (R-R) detection algorithms were implemented and utilized to analyze the ECG data received by the AFE, showing the feasibility of <100 nW AFE for continuous ECG monitoring applications.
Highlights
In recent years, there has been a growing demand for ultralow power (ULP) energy-harvesting body sensor nodes for continuous and low-cost monitoring of patient bio -signal data for diagnosis and prevention of various illnesses, such as heart arrhythmia [1,2,3,4]
Similar to the low-pass filter (LPF), the gain of the variable gain gain amplifier amplifier (VGA) is defined by the ratio of resistors Rfeedback and Rin and is tuned by varying the value of the pseudo-resistors in the feedback path by adjusting the control is tuned by varying the value of the pseudo-resistors in the feedback path by adjusting the control voltage values applied to the gate of the transistors
The analog front-end (AFE) provides bio-signal monitoring with programmable gain and bandwidth, ECG signals as low as a few microvolts while consuming
Summary
There has been a growing demand for ultralow power (ULP) energy-harvesting body sensor nodes for continuous and low-cost monitoring of patient bio -signal data for diagnosis and prevention of various illnesses, such as heart arrhythmia [1,2,3,4]. AFE operates from a low power supply of rms achieves an input-referred noise of 2.8 μVrms. The AFE operates from a low power supply of 0.5 V, V, which relaxes the voltage boost requirements of energy-harvesting systems. The AFE achieves an inputof
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