Abstract
Soft tissue and vascular complications related to spinal surgery are usually predictable and vary depending on the region being operated upon. Cervical spine surgery–related soft tissue complications frequently include dysphagia, hoarseness, and vocal fold motion impairment. Less frequent is vascular injury. Otorhinolaryngological consultation is particular useful in addressing these soft tissue complications. Vascular injury is often approached with the assistance of vascular surgery or interventional radiology. Thoracic and lumbar spinal procedures can result in serious adjacent tissue injuries and catastrophic vascular injury. Complications can be avoided by understanding the relevant anatomy, avoiding past-pointing with instrumentation, and being conscientious of a complication early on. Vascular injury must be addressed early after its occurrence. Screw insertion and hardware implantation may result in acute complication but also delayed complication, especially in the setting of pseudarthrosis or infection. Minimally invasive spine procedures carry unique complication profiles related to the anatomic corridors and instrumentation used.
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