94 - Applied Behavior Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is an intervention based on behavioral theory and incorporating experimental analysis of behaviors to reinforce skills and reduce maladaptive behaviors. Early studies contributing to the evidence base for use of ABA in treatment for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) focused on using early intensive behavioral intervention and included several hours of one-on-one instruction to address specific target behaviors. More recent modalities of ABA have incorporated the same behavioral principles with greater emphasis on teaching skills in the natural environment and training parents to implement practice sessions to help with generalization of skills. In models of ABA, trained behavioral therapists analyze data from behavior observations of the child to determine (1) the function of the behavior, (2) strategies to reinforce or reduce the observed behavior, and (3) teach more appropriate replacement behaviors or skills. This chapter reviews the history of ABA as a treatment for people with autism, follow-up studies of the original model, and emerging evidence for varying intervention modalities based on ABA principles. Additional behavioral interventions that incorporate behavior theory but differ slightly from traditional models of ABA are also briefly discussed. For clinicians working with autistic individuals, knowledge of the basic principles and methodologies used in an ABA treatment program can help in supporting parents and addressing behavior concerns. Clinicians should become familiar with documentation requirements and ABA methodologies used by agencies providing services in their region.