44 - Language and Speech Disorders

Abstract

Language and speech develop rapidly in infancy and preschool years. Most children acquire mastery of language by age 5 years and speech by age 7 years without specific instruction. However, individual variation is high. Delays at age 2 years represent a significant risk factor for speech and/or language disorders, but prediction of which children will progress normally is difficult. Language and speech sound disorders are prevalent in children, and can adversely affect other domains of functioning, including learning, academics, communication, social relationships, and mental health. Therapy is often useful in improving outcomes and increasing functional communication.