Abstract
Analysis of welding-induced transient and residual stresses can be actively employed to develop effective countermeasures against welding cracks, fatigue cracks, and buckling. Through thermal elastic-plastic finite element analysis, the residual stress generation process and crack occurrence mechanism can be more clearly understood and potential prevention methods can be easily investigated before experimental trials, to reduce the experimental cost and improve efficiency. Using the inherent strain method or inherent deformation method combined with elastic finite element analysis, welding-induced geometric imperfections or welding deflection of structures can be efficiently predicted and controlled to improve buckling strength. This chapter focuses on several typical welded joints and welded structural panels in which welding cracks often occur or fatigue cracks and buckling are easily produced, to show the effectiveness of computational welding mechanics analysis. A variety of model types and analysis methods are presented in detail. The influence of the welding residual stress on fatigue crack propagation is also covered, and semielliptical surface cracks initiated at the weld toe of bead-on-plate welded specimens made of mild steel are analyzed and the calculated fatigue lives are compared with experimental data.
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