Abstract
Obesity is one of the most common diseases in the USA and around the world, and has negative effects on every organ system in the body. The prevalence of obesity has continued to rise in the USA, with more than two thirds of American adults meeting criteria for obesity with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m2. The pathophysiology of obesity is complex and not completely understood. The most effective therapy for obesity is bariatric surgery, which has demonstrated long-term weight loss and improvement or resolution in diseases associated with obesity. The most common surgical options in the USA currently include laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Endoscopic management of many bariatric surgical complications including marginal ulcerations, post-operative gastrointestinal bleeding, anastomotic stenosis, foreign body complications, leaks, fistulas, pancreaticobiliary disease, and weight regain should be considered and reduce the risks associated with re-operation. New endoscopic bariatric therapies currently approved or performed in the USA including intragastric balloons, aspiration therapy, and endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty offer increased options for obesity treatment. Although they have less weight loss on average compared with bariatric surgery, they have less risk of complications and are indicated for patients with a lower BMI. Health care providers should work together to optimize obesity treatment outcomes for patients with obesity.
Published Version
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