Abstract
This chapter explores that chemical admixtures, such as accelerators, retarders, water reducers, and superplasticizers are generally water soluble and are added in small amounts. They significantly affect the properties of concrete in the fresh and hardened states through physico-chemical and surface interactions. In contrast to chemical admixtures, materials such as fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace slag, natural pozzolans, and others are added in substantial amounts to concrete. Most of them react significantly with the components of the cement paste yielding higher strengths and better durability characteristics. They are used as cement replacement materials. These materials are known by various names. The European concrete standards refer to them as additions. The American society for testing and materials (ASTM) classifies them as mineral admixtures. In this chapter, these materials are referred to as supplementary cementing materials.
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