Abstract
Global population growth is driving daily increases in demand for conventional fuel (i.e., petroleum). Moreover, the regular, widespread use of petroleum is not good, as it results in carbon dioxide emissions that pollute the atmosphere. In addition, the reserves of these conventional fuels are limited and will soon be exhausted. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to find renewable biofuels to fulfill future energy demand. Within this context, the production of renewable biofuels using microalgae could be a better option for fulfilling future energy demand along with environmental sustainability. Because microalgae have the potential to produce biofuels and could replace conventional sources of energy—coal, petroleum, etc. Isolating microalgae is the primary step in biofuel extraction. This chapter discusses recent advances in biofuel production using microalgae and the challenges and future scope of this area. Machine learning/artificial intelligence techniques to enhance energy efficiency/savings are also explored.
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