Abstract
The inward-flow radial turbine covers tremendous ranges of power, rates of mass flow, and rotational speeds from very large Francis turbines used in hydroelectric power generation and developing hundreds of megawatts down to tiny closed cycle gas turbines for space power generation of a few kilowatts. The widespread adoption of variable geometry turbines for diesel engine turbochargers has been the major factor in increasing the commercial use of this technology. Variable area is commonly, but not exclusively, achieved by pivoting the nozzle vanes about an axis disposed in the span-wise direction. The most common radial-inflow turbine applications are turbochargers for internal combustion engines, natural gas, diesel, and gasoline powered units. The advantage of a turbocharger is that it compresses the air, thus letting the engine squeeze more air into a cylinder, and more air means that more fuel can be added. Applications of turbo expanders in the chemical industry abound in the petrochemical and chemical industries. Turbo expanders using radial-inflow turbines have a much higher ruggedness than turbo expanders using axial-flow turbines.
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