Abstract
The tasks of a data communication system include delivery of information that is correct, in proper time sequential order, and understandable by the recipient. To accomplish these functions, electrical circuits, error-detection systems, error-correction systems, information coding, data flow control, data formating systems, and other hardware/software subsystems must all perform in a cooperative fashion following a set of rules or protocols. The chapter discusses protocol as the set of rules and ceremonies by which diplomats and heads of state communicate. The rules of diplomatic protocol ensure that communications are completely and correctly understood by both parties. In data communication, protocols perform a similar function, and their use is almost as complex as the use of diplomatic protocols. Many functions are performed to accomplish the task of data communication, and there is generally a protocol for each of these functions. A complete family of protocols is necessary to do the complete job. To assist people in designing protocol families, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has developed a model in which each protocol that makes up the family is a layer that performs certain functions for the protocol (layer) above it.
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