Abstract
Generation, collection and management of solid waste is an integrated system which involves systematic planning for successful management of waste disposal in order to minimize its impacts on health and environment. Unique microbial ecosystems associated with degradation play a key role in waste management treatment. The chapter provides understanding of the role of various microorganisms in aerobic and anaerobic waste decomposition. Natural occurrence of microorganisms in different types of waste, wastewater, open and closed landfills initiate the waste degradation process. Although invisible, microorganisms play an important role in the fermentation stage of degradation, biodegradation of oil and recycling of a variety of nutrients and waste materials. Different types of microbes carry out degradation of different types of waste materials. Advantages of microbial degradation over other processes are eco-friendly and generate a potential amount of energy in the form of biogas which is used for household and other purposes. Microbial degradation also reduces chemically hazardous elements to very low and acceptable levels, or converts them into nontoxic elements. The chapter covers different microorganisms present in different types of waste, wastewater and their role in waste decomposition. It also covers details of aerobic and anaerobic waste decomposition processes, and microbial resistance acquired through waste degradation of different drug molecules by microorganisms.
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