Abstract
The Historical Section of Minka, a similar organization with close relations to Chidanken, also remains in existence by issuing its journal Rekishi hyōron (Historical review). The major topics of the philosophy of science during the early half of the 20th century have focused mainly on new conceptions generated from problems in modern physical science, such as causality, complementarity, and a relativistic interpretation of space-time. In some quarters of Japan, especially among young scientists and students right after the Second World War, methodology has been considered all-important. Ijiri's philosophy of science starts with a method based on personal experience. Another feature of Ijiri's view of science is its emphasis upon hypothesis venturing. In his view, 'logical' procedures for verifying a certain hypothesis or law have no significant place. The grass-roots Chidanken embodies two different functional roles, one as a crusading movement, and one as a scientific society.Keywords: grass-roots Chidanken; Ijiri's philosophy; Rekishi hyōron; Second World War
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