Abstract
This chapter discusses the techniques for analyzing individual linear transformations on a finite-dimensional vector space. The methods involved in this analyzing technique first decompose a linear transformation A on a vector space V into linear transformations on certain subspaces of V in such a way that the behavior of A can be deduced from that of its component linear transformations. The chapter presents methods that are designed to obtain a matrix of a given linear transformation that is as close as possible to a diagonal matrix. If the minimal polynomial of a linear transformation is the product of linear polynomials over the scalar field at hand, then it is the sum of a diagonable and a nilpotent linear transformation. Other types of linear transformations on finite-dimensional inner-product space have the property that they commute with their adjoints. The adjoints include self-adjoint transformations, unitary transformations, and orthogonal transformations.
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