Abstract
Petroleum refineries are progressively transitioning from the traditional “fuel” type refineries that produce gasoline, diesel, and other fuels to a “chemical” type refineries producing some useful chemicals that are commonly used as raw materials such as ethylene, propylene, benzene, toluene, and xylene. These raw materials are used as necessary building blocks for producing polymers and other petrochemicals. The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, a refinery workhorse, is considered a relevant unit for the conversion of diverse feedstocks to produce these petrochemical feedstocks that may serve as the fuels of the future. In this chapter, direct crude oil cracked to maximize propylene and ethylene production using conventional FCC units with high severity was considered, as well as the role of FCC catalysts in converting crude to chemicals, while some recommendations for the future of the process were provided.
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