Abstract
Chondrocyte culture is an efficient target system for evaluation of the pharmacological and toxicological effects of drugs acting on cartilaginous tissue. Anti-inflammatory and antiosteoarthritic drugs have been especially studied on cultured chondrocytes. Moreover, several toxic drugs for cartilaginous tissue have been explored in these in vitro models. Many types of culture exist and have their own advantages and drawbacks. For example, in monolayer culture chondrocytes do not retain all of their specific functions. Cartilage slices and three-dimensional culture maintain chondrocytes in a differentiated state but without noticeable cell division. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the type of culture relevant to the pharmacological and toxicological end-point being considered. The main pertinent end-points for assessing drug effects on chondrocytes are proteoglycans, collagens, and alkaline phosphatase. Study of the interactions of growth factors, cytokines, and vitamins with cartilage should increase in the knowledge of the complex regulations of chondrocytes and open the way to the development of new antirheumatic drugs. It appears obvious that chondrocyte culture already belongs to the group of specialized cultures for use in a complete toxicological study.
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