Abstract
The dexterous manipulation of objects relies not only on a sophisticated motor system to move the arm and hand but also on a barrage of sensory signals that convey information about the consequences of those movements. To develop a dexterous bionic hand thus requires the restoration of both the control and the sensory signals. In this chapter, we discuss efforts to create artificial sensory feedback through electrical stimulation of the nerves for amputees or electrical stimulation of the brain for tetraplegic patients. We describe technologies developed to sense the state of the hand and contact with objects and those designed to interface with the peripheral and central nervous systems. Artificial sensory feedback, while still early in its development, already confers greater dexterity to bionic hands, but ongoing efforts to increase the naturalism of the artificial sensations show promise for further improvements.
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