Abstract
The white spot syndromes (WSS) are a group of diseases characterized by inflammation and dysfunction of the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, choroid, or a combination of these. They often present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians and researchers. The etiologies of WSS remain unknown. This chapter discusses: birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR), acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), serpiginous choroiditis, relentless placoid chorioretinitis, persistent placoid maculopathy, multifocal choroiditis (MFC)/punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC), multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), and acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN). The WSS each have distinct features, but do share some characteristics. Blurred vision, photopsias, visual field changes (including enlarged blind spots), floaters, and changes in contrast sensitivity can occur. Although these entities are thought to be inflammatory in nature, vitritis and iritis are not a necessary finding. The white spots themselves may be subtle or a prominent finding. Inflammatory multifocal chorioretinopathies may actually be a more descriptive term.
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