Abstract
The relationship between the thyroid axis and psychiatric symptoms and disease is well established. In particular, clinical hypothyroidism leads to depressive symptoms which resolve with replacement therapy. The relationship between alterations of thyroid function and primary major depression is more complex. While various abnormalities of the thyroid axis have been identified, none is specific for depression and there is no clear evidence that thyroid hypofunction is a significant etiological factor in major depression. The literature on thyroid hormone treatment of depression, particularly treatment-resistant major depression, is highly promising and warrants further investigation. Greater understanding about thyroid–brain relationships may yield important information about the etiology of major mood disorders.
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