Abstract

Standard curative therapies for breast cancer may lead to subfertility, infertility, and primary ovarian insufficiency either through direct gonadotoxic effects or by delaying the age of attempted pregnancy. Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation remains the standard of care for female fertility preservation, and other experimental and emerging options exist to preserve fertility. Medical societies including the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the American Society of Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) advocate that all women of reproductive age be counseled about the impact of cancer therapies on fertility. Given the limited amount of time available for fertility preservation prior to curative treatment, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to ensure prompt and effective intervention. An understanding of basic ovarian biology and reproductive physiology in the context of a cancer diagnosis in women, as well as the existing and emerging options to protect hormonal and reproductive health, is of critical importance to patients and providers and is reviewed in this chapter.

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