Abstract
Performing and interpreting prognostic and predictive biomarkers have become foremost in clinical decision-making algorithms for breast cancer treatment. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are the primary biomarkers tested using immunohistochemistry for all breast cancer diagnoses. Governing pathology and oncology societies (ASCO/CAP) tightly regulate the preanalytic and analytic parameters of these biomarkers to ensure accuracy and reproducibility of the immunohistochemical results. This chapter provides an in-depth discussion of the established breast biomarkers in routine use, as well as a variety of emerging biomarkers used by many laboratories. It also emphasizes the role of the pathologist in the translation and integration of biologic information.
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