Abstract
Spontaneous speech is a cyclic process involving a loosely ordered set of tasks: conceptual preparation, formulation, articulation. Given a goal, we have to decide what to say (conceptualization) and how to say it (formulation), making sure that the chosen elements, words, can be integrated into a coherent whole (sentence frame) and do conform to the grammar rules of the language (syntax, morphology). During vocal delivery, in itself already quite a demanding task, the speaker may decide to initiate the next cycle, namely starting to plan the subsequent ideational fragment. In sum, speaking or acquiring this skill is a daunting task requiring the planning and execution of a number of subtasks. Given some goal, a speaker must plan what to say and how to say it, i.e. (a) find the right words; (b) determine an appropriate sentence frame; (c) put the chosen lemma in the right place; (d) add function words; (e) perform morphological adjustments; (f) articulate.
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