7 - Metal-oxide powder technology in biomedicine

Abstract

Numerous combinations of hybrid nanomaterials (NMs) of inorganic, organic, and biomolecular origin have been synthesized with programmable physico-chemico-biological properties via their surface modifications and chemical conjugations. These hybrid NMs, undergoing through fast emerging applications in various fields including biomedicines, are particularly examined in this chapter. Given the current status of the developments in this context, a more comprehensive growth is anticipated in deploying the aforementioned programmable features, especially, involving stoichiometric changes during their syntheses guided by simultaneously ongoing analytical/simulation studies. From a larger family of such NMs the transition metal oxides-based complexes, including the perovskites, are expected to offer unique possibilities of compound formations involving their d-electron interactions that are yet to explore in depth. Reduced toxicity combined with the biocompatibility of these NM species, in general, and 2D-nanostructures using template/template-free syntheses are found offering unique applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and theranostic applications besides others. These NMs have shown unusual efficacies even in those cases where generally antibiotics resistant behaviors were reported. An attempt has been made to explain the possible mechanism responsible for such unique and useful properties when compared to the normal antibiotic therapies that are slowly getting redundant in the coming times.