Abstract
There are several reasons for their widespread use in plasmid research—namely, that most electron microscopy (EM) techniques are relatively quick in comparison to other molecular biological methods. Their accuracy is only surpassed by DNA sequencing and one can actually see what happens to the DNA molecules under investigation. Electron microscopy always gives information about single individual molecules, in contrast to the DNA gel techniques, for instance, which average a whole population of molecules. This individuality has two consequences: to obtain an unambiguous result from an EM study of plasmids statistical evaluation may be required and some peculiarities within a population of DNA molecules may be detected only by an EM technique. Electron microscopy can help to solve the following questions in plasmid research.
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