Abstract
The surface morphologies associated with defects such as a local or distributed material defects (as induced by fabrication for example), a structural or geometrical feature (such as a notch) or damage (such as induced by impact), and the associated structural features and damage are discussed. The inherently brittle nature of polymer composites means that failure will always initiate from a site of a stress raiser. Firstly, defects associated with the constituents (fibres and matrix) and then the ‘third’ constituent, the fibre/matrix interface, are considered. Lamina scale defects are also considered: those associated with manufacture, and those caused by environmental degradation due to temperature and moisture. Finally, the morphologies associated with in-service damage, such as that induced by impact, are presented.
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