7 - Biodegradable and Biobased Polymers

Abstract

Biodegradable polymers have undergone extensive investigation since the 1970s. They can be either natural or synthetic and can be derived from either renewable or nonrenewable resources. A series of truly biodegradable petroleum-based synthetic polymers has been developed. However, owing to concerns over environmental pollution and the depletion of fossil oils, intensive research is being conducted for developing biodegradable polymers and plastic materials from renewable natural resources such as starch, cellulose, and soy protein. Polylactic acid and polyhydroxyalkanoates are the two most important biodegradable polymers derived from renewable resources. They are thermoplastics and show mechanical properties and processability similar to some petroleum-based polymers. There have been many research achievements in biodegradable and biobased polymers, including naturally occurring biodegradable polymers, biodegradable polymers derived from renewable resources, and biodegradable polymers based on petroleum, although several biobased polymers may not be biodegradable.