Abstract
Macrorestriction analysis of microbial genomes resolved by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) has emerged. Macrorestriction fingerprinting is a high resolution typing technique derived from the combination of two techniques: chromosomal restriction fragment pattern analysis using low-frequency cutting enzymes (typically with less than 30 cleavage sites per genome) and PFGE, a modification of agarose gel electrophoresis. PFGE is based on gel electrophoresis in which the electric field periodically changes direction and/or intensity. The technique remains technically demanding and still requires at least a 72 h turnaround time. Further automation, possibly by means of development of Pulsed-Field Capillary Electrophoresis (PFCE), would enhance the practicability, throughput, and speed of the analysis. Likewise, further international agreement needs to be achieved to develop standard protocols for data generation, quality control procedures, database structures, and analytical criteria to enable the full use of PFGE typing for the international surveillance of global pathogens.
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