Abstract
Imaging is a critical component of the evaluation of many thyroid disorders. This chapter will review the indications for and the interpretations of various imaging modalities in the evaluation of patients with thyroid disease. Particular focus will be placed on the sonographic evaluation of thyroid nodules and diffuse thyroid disorders. The most widely utilized sonographic risk stratification systems will be summarized and compared. Newer sonographic technologies, including elastography, computer-aided diagnostic testing, and contrasted sonography will be explored, with discussion of their potential future roles in the evaluation of thyroid disorders. Additionally, functional imaging with nuclear scintigraphy will be discussed for the evaluation of thyroid nodules, diffuse thyroid disorders, and congenital hypothyroidism. The diagnostic evaluation of substernal and compressive goiters will be reviewed. Finally, incidentally detected abnormalities of the thyroid discovered upon imaging of other structures in the head and neck will be examined.
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