Abstract
Rapid advances in oncology have improved survival and quality of life for cancer patients. Many of these advances relate to the recognition of gene mutations in various cancers that are targets of anticancer therapies and manipulation of the immune system to enhance tumor killing. However, these gains have a price, one of which is kidney disease. Cancer is commonly associated with acute and chronic kidney disease, and the presence of kidney disease in these patients increases morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are primarily complications of the underlying disease and the therapies used to treat the malignant process. Standard chemotherapy regimens, targeted agents, immunotherapies, nephrectomy for renal cancers, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are associated with AKI, various metabolic disturbances, and CKD. The rapid evolution of new cancer treatments has inundated nephrologists with opportunities to prevent and manage the associated kidney complications in this new and growing field of onconephrology.
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